人类学在中国：IUAES大会由于维吾尔屠杀事件遭抵制

google13

人类学在中国：国际人类学和民族学协会（IUAES）大会由于维吾尔屠杀事件遭抵制 去年中国政府由于害怕抗议曾经取消了上届会议。下周，IUAES第16届大会将要召开，但副会长Petr Skalník将缺席。他决定不参加是因为最近导致200名左右维吾尔人丧生的屠杀。   “我不会跟那些此悲剧的责任人会面言欢”，Petr Skalník在写给中华人民共和国民族事务委员会的一封信中如此写道。并且他把这封信也发给了很多人类学家，也到了我手里，他希望很多人读到这封信。   两周之前，Skalnik收到了民族事务委员会的邀请信，里面提到在这次会议之前，也就是7月26号将在北京安排一些IUAES的高级官员与一位中国国家领导人会面。        这个邀请很让我意外，因为我以前没有打算在去昆明的路上经过北京。此前会议日程里也没有提到这项祝贺大会的议程。         随着这封信同时到来的是乌鲁木齐发生屠杀的消息。                 尽管这次严重事件也直接涉及你们委员会的工作领域，即民族事务，但不管是从国家民族事务委员会还是从中国人类学和民族学协会我们都没有活的一点关于此事发生的迹象。               我在别的国家（南非，西非，苏联和欧洲国家等）研究民族学问题的经验告诉我，这种规模的冲突不管是在7月份的乌鲁木齐还是去年的拉萨，都不可能仅仅是由一小伙人的阴谋引起。掌权者也应该负主要责任。你们民族事务委员会也有责任。可是，直到今天中国仍没有拿出自省和建设性的建议用于补救。               因此我不得不因为上述原因拒绝您的邀请。 明显错误的分析和中国的严酷反映也使乌鲁木齐的人权遭受极度破坏，其中你们委员会也有责任。我不会跟那些应对此次悲剧负责的人会面表示友好。我也不会接受来自中国政府的金钱和馈赠。我以这种方式抗议这种带有移民文化灭绝色彩的政策。               我也不会参加下周也就是7月27-31号在昆明召开的大会。因为我不愿意出席一场把中国错误处理民族问题合法化的活动，不管这种活动是以默认的形式还是公开的支持中国。作为一个特别忠实和热衷于IUAES的人，从1962年布拉格的常务理事会开始我参加了几乎所有它的大会和其他一些活动。我很喜欢参加并且也发挥着积极作用。前后以一个优秀发言人，一个执行委员会的成员，一个捷克人类学和民族学协会常务理事，理论人类学委员会主席以及三次论文提交者的身份参与了IUAES的活动。因为上面提到的原因说明，在当前的形势下即使是去了，我不会有表达自己思想和研究发现的自由。         他也指出某些具有少数民族背景的中国学者受到歧视无法参加会议，以及海外有些学者不能获得中国签证。        他以这些话结束他的信：         我要强调这封信是由我一人独自完成并且直率的表达了我的看法，就如同我过去对南非种族隔离政策的批评，对苏联错误的民族理论和实践的批判，以及对美国人类学家抨击一样，他们试图警告当时美国政府在伊拉克的行动会获得适得其反的效果。人类学家和民族学家由于他们的工作性质，这种工作所要求的科研道德，使他们尊重人类的生命和文化，不知道什么“内政”的概念，尤其是当人权遭受侵犯时。         我制作了一个PDF文件，其中包含了他的那封信。        关于上次被取消的大会，请看《中国取消了国际人类学和民族学协会会议》(Savage Minds, 8.5.08)和《人类学在中国是个禁忌课题吗》(Angry Chinese Blogger, 24.5.08)      此外相关帖： 《中国人类学研究中的问题》和《这次图博抗议相关的特殊事态》

译者：galterge （维吾尔在线会员）

google13

1# google13

原文：

Anthropology in China: IUAES-conference boycott due to Uyghur massacre

Last year, the conference was cancelled by the Chinese government for fear of protests. Next week, the 16th congress by the International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences (IUAES) finally will be held - but without the IUAES vice president Petr Skalník. He decided not to participate due to the recent massacre where around 200 Uyghurs were killed.

“I will not meet and shake hands with people who must be responsible for the above tragedy", Skalnik writes in a letter to the State Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People´s Republic of China that he also emailed to a large number of anthropologists (and that was forwarded to me), hoping many will read it.

Two weeks ago, Skalnik received an invitation letter from the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, indicating that on July 26, on the eve of the 16th World Congress of International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences (IUAES), “several IUAES high officials” will meet in Beijing with "a senior State leader of China":

    This invitation was a surprise to me as I was not at all planning to travel via through Beijing on my way to Kunming. No agenda for the meeting was mentioned except that it is „in honor of the IUAES leadership“.

At the same time as the letter was coming, there was this massacre happening in Urumqi:

    Although this grave event directly touching the field of activities of your Commission, namely ethnic affairs, there were no signs either directly from PRC SEAC or from the Chinese Association of Anthropology and Ethnology.

    My life experience of studying ethnic problems in other countries (e.g. South Africa, West Africa, Soviet Union and Europe) have taught me that conflicts of the size like that in Urumqi this July or Lhasa last year are not and cannot be caused just by some malicious plotters. There must be also a deal of responsibility on the side of the power holders, your Commission not excluded. However, no self-criticism and constructive proposal for remedy has come out from China till this very day.

    Therefore, I have to turn down your invitation for the above ethical reasons. Human rights were served a crippling blow in Urumqi by apparently wrong analysis and heavy-handed response of the Chinese state, your Commission included.  I will not meet and shake hands with people who must be responsible for the above tragedy. I will not accept reimbursement monies and other perks mentioned from the Chinese state. I protest in this way against policies which smack of demographic aggression and ethnocide.
     
    I also will not participate in the Kunming congress (to be held next week, July 27-31, 2009) because I do not want to be part of overt and/or tacit legitimation of evidently erroneous handling of nationality question in China. As a person with a particularly strong IUAES loyalty who participated in almost all its congresses and other events starting from Permanent Council meeting in Prague back in 1962 I was very keen on participating and playing active role as a Distinguished Speaker, member of the Executive Council (EC) of IUAES, Czech member of the Permanent Council of IUAES, chairperson of the Commission on Theoretical Anthropology (COTA) and thrice paper giver. The above mentioned reasons, however, thwarted these intentions. Under present circumstance I would not feel free to express my thoughts and research findings.

He also indicates possible discrimination of Chinese scholars with ethnic minority background who were not able to register for the conference. Also some scholars from abroad were not able to obtain Chinese visa.

He closes with these lines:

    I would like to emphasize that this letter was written by myself alone and I express my views freely as I did when I criticised apartheid policies in South Africa, misguided theories and practices in ethnic field in the Soviet Union or failure of American anthropologists to warn the then U.S. government of the adverse consequences of its war plans and acts in Iraq. Anthropologists and ethnologists by the nature of their work which includes ethics of research, respect for human life and culture, do not know of any „internal affairs“, especially if human rights are violated.

I have made a pdf of the documents, including the letter he sent by email.

Concerning the canceled conference, see China Cancels IAES (Savage Minds, 8.5.08) and Anthropology: a Taboo Topic in China? (Angry Chinese Blogger, 24.5.08).

See also related posts The Problems with Chinese Anthropological Research and The special thing about the Tibet protests

http://www.antropologi.info/blog/anthropology/2009/iuaes-conference-boycott-due-to-uyghur-massacre

galterge

三股势力胁迫可怜的Petr Skalník

ikkitirek

想起了墨尔本影展组委会针对中国参展者退展的评价：我们对中国参展者受到的政治压力表示愤怒。

这句话用在Petr Skalník身上，可谓恰如其分。
Eurasian 发表于 2009-7-24 22:34

哈哈哈，真能凑合东西，无语.....

Akbar.Emin

我在别的国家（南非，西非，苏联和欧洲国家等）研究民族学问题的经验告诉我，这种规模的冲突不管是在7月份的乌鲁木齐还是去年的拉萨，都不可能仅仅是由一小伙人的阴谋引起。掌权者也应该负主要责任。你们民族事务委员会也有责任。可是，直到今天中国仍没有拿出自省和建设性的建议用于补救。

顶一下这一句

london2012

7# Akbar.Emin

最近在看一本关于新疆问题的书，叫做Sinicization Beyond the Great Wall，写的很好，非常精彩，想问问这里那位朋友看过，有什么意见，观点和评论，大家一起探讨一下。

galterge

有在线版吗？

蔡包子(荤)

200个维吾尔人？

london2012

9# galterge


应该没有在线版本，毕竟刚出不久，是2007年出版的。作者是 Anwar Rahman，前中国驻巴基斯坦大使馆的维族外交官，是用英文写作为数不多的反应新疆问题的好书。我把大概介绍给你看看，如果你有兴趣，我会把相应的章节逐一贴上来。
Product Description
Being a native from Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, the largest and most remote Chinese province in Central Asia, the author has described, based on his personal experiences and considerable amounts of official documents, Xinjiang and particularly its native indigenous people under the Chinese rule since the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949. The highlights of the book are the author's analyses on the modern Chinese policies towards its minority nationals, such as those in the domains of culture and economy; which are used, according to the conclusions of the book, as instruments to stimulate the process of sinicisation. The book is also a study of China's minority nationals' affairs; it will be a useful handbook for those interested in both China's ethnic problems and Central Asian studies. Further, the book is a collection of first hand information, official documents and statistics about the Uighur people, which has certainly a greater referential value than has ever been found before in academic circles. The 1999 Annual Report (92 pages) of Amnesty international entitled "People's Republic of China - Gross Violations of Human Rights in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous region", has a large amount of information on the present situation in Xinjiang. Indeed, Xinjiang has become more and more familiar to those who keep a close look at China's human rights records, its minority policies, and its economic exploitation into the heart of Central Asia. This book doesn't deal directly with China's human rights record, but gives some solid evidence and concrete details on Chinese discriminative policies over the minority population in Xinjiang, notably the phenomenon of sinicisation under the pretext to help develop the region's economy. Readers will learn how a Chinese style colonisation is carried out, one that is entirely different to that of Western history.

galterge

作品介绍
作为新疆维吾尔自治区土著，作者的介绍基于他个人的经历和大量的官方文件。新疆位于中亚，是中国最大也最偏远的省份。新疆和那里的土著民族从1949年中华人民共和国成立开始就处于中国人治下。这本书的亮点是作者对中国现代少数民族政策的分析，比如在文化和经济领域。这些政策作为促进汉化的工具使用。该书也是中国少数民族事务方面的专著。对于那些对中国民族问题中亚学感兴趣的人这本书也是个很有用处的手册。此外，这本书包含关于维吾尔人的第一手资料，官方文件和统计。比学术圈里的那些更有参考价值。92页国际特赦标题为“中国在新疆公然违反人权”的1999年年度报告里提供了对当前新疆形势的大量信息。实际上，对于那些密切关注中国人权，少数民族政策和中亚经济开发的人来说新疆越来越熟悉。这本书没有直接涉及中国人权记录，但是它给出了中国人在新疆歧视少数民族维吾尔人的一些可靠的证据和具体细节，特别是在发展当地经济借口下的汉化现象。读者将认识到中国特色的殖民是如何施行，这完全不同于西方历史上的殖民。